PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.